Sains Malaysiana 53(7)(2024): 1477-1491

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5307-01

Evaluation of Catalase Activity, Gill Histology and Genotoxic Effects of Cadmium in Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Fingerlings

(Penilaian Aktiviti Katalase, Histologi Insang dan Kesan Geno Toksik Kadmium pada Anak Ikan Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus))

AMNA MARIUM¹, HUMA NAZ¹, TANVEER AHMED^2,*, MUHAMMAD UMAR IJAZ³, MUHAMMAD USMAN⁴, ZAHID MANZOOR⁵, BASHARAT ALI⁶, AWATIF OMRAN⁷,YASMENE F. ALANAZI⁸, RASHA M.A. JAME^8,9 & AYMAN EL SABAGH¹¹

¹Department of Zoology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan

²Department of Life Sciences, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan

³Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

⁴Department of Anatomy and Histology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan

⁵Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur Pakistan

⁶Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan

⁷Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia

⁸Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk,71491, Saudi Arabia

⁹Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tabuk University, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia

¹⁰Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education, Dalanj University, Dalanj, Sudan

¹¹Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt

Received: 24 March 2023/Accepted: 7 June 2024

Abstract

This research was designed to assess the toxicity of cadmium (Cd), and its effects on catalase (CAT) activity, histology of gills and geno-toxicity of Oreochromis niloticus. The acute toxicity of Cd (96-h) for fish was computed as 56.021 mg/L (LC₅₀) and 80.7336 mg/L (LC₁₀₀) using Probit method. The inferences showed that catalase level was significantly (P<0.05) lower in Cd treated O. niloticus as compared to control that was metal-stress free. It followed the order as: intestine<gills<muscles<brain. Results of gills histology showed that Cd-exposure caused prominent damage to both primary and secondary lamella. The histological alterations included fusion and curling of secondary lamella, hyperplasia in secondary lamella, epithelial lifting, and aneurysm observed in gills. Geno-toxic results showed that a significant (p<0.05) increase in micronuclei, de-shape and notched nuclei in erythrocytes of Cd-exposed O. niloticus was found as compared to control. The inferences of this study confirmed the genotoxic properties of Cd. This study will be helpful in understanding the histological and geno-toxic changes in fish body kept under Cd stress. This study will also help in the development of a specific approach to minimize the negative and genotoxic impacts of cadmium. Furthermore, tilapia can be used as a good bio-indicator for detecting toxic impacts associated with water pollution.

Keywords: Catalase; heavy metals; histology; tilapia; toxicity

Abstrak

Penyelidikan ini direka untuk menilai ketoksikan kadmium (Cd) dan kesannya terhadap aktiviti katalase (CAT), histologi insang dan geno toksik Oreochromis niloticus. Ketoksikan akut Cd (96-jam) untuk ikan dihitung sebagai 56.021 mg/L (LC₅₀) dan 80.7336 mg/L (LC₁₀₀) menggunakan kaedah Probit. Inferens menunjukkan bahawa tahap katalase secara signifikan (P<0.05) lebih rendah dalam Cd dirawat O. niloticus berbanding kawalan yang bebas tekanan logam. Ia mengikut tertib sebagai: usus<insang<otot<otak. Keputusan histologi insang menunjukkan bahawa pendedahan Cd menyebabkan kerosakan yang ketara kepada kedua-dua lamela primer dan sekunder. Perubahan histologi termasuk gabungan dan lencongan lamela sekunder, hiperplasia dalam lamela sekunder, pengangkatan epitelium dan aneurisme yang diperhatikan dalam insang. Keputusan geno toksik menunjukkan bahawa peningkatan ketara (p<0.05) dalam mikronukleus, nyah-bentuk dan nukleus bertakuk dalam eritrosit O. niloticusterdedah Cd didapati berbanding kawalan. Inferens kajian ini mengesahkan sifat ketoksikan geno Cd. Kajian ini akan membantu dalam memahami perubahan histologi dan geno toksik dalam badan ikan yang disimpan di bawah tekanan Cd. Kajian ini juga akan membantu dalam pembangunan pendekatan khusus untuk meminimumkan kesan negatif dan geno toksikkadmium. Tambahan pula, tilapia boleh digunakan sebagai penunjuk biologi yang baik untuk mengesan kesan toksik yang berkaitan dengan pencemaran air.

Kata kunci: Histologi; katalase; ketoksikan; logam berat; tilapia

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*Corresponding author; email: tanvirahmeduaf@gmail.com